WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. It is important because it is needed for life to exist. All knows how important the water is. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water. Only 2.7% of water on the Earth is fresh water, and over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps, leaving only 0.007% available for human use. Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world, and as world population continues to rise at an unprecedented rate, many more areas are expected to experience this imbalance in the near future.
I dont want to touch about water pollution yet but now we concentrate at water resources :

• Surface water - water of a lake, river, or fresh water wetland. Naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage. Canada has the largest supply of fresh water in the world.
• Sub-surface water - fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.
• Desalination - Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally ocean water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis. Desalination is currently very expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination.
• Frozen water - Several schemes have been proposed to make use an iceberg as a water resource, however to date this has only been done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water.

Even though water is renewable source but threats such as pollution, climate change, and depletion of aquifers will bring harm to all. One of the water pollutions are the oil spill. When the Exxon Valdez oil spill happened, many people were shocked and horrified. But the ship spilt 10.8 million gallons, almost nothing compared with as many as 428 million gallons for the Ixtoc I in Mexico and other less-known spills. Media coverage hardly proportionally to the totoal amount of damage done. The biggest oil spill when Ixtoc I ( 1979-1980 ) blow-out and 139 till 428 million gallons oill spill over the sea.